LANDSAT General Overview
First launched in 1972, the LANDSAT satellite series constitutes one of the longest continuous records in Earth observation. The objective of the LANDSAT program has always been to provide multi-spectral imagery of the Earth's land areas at moderate to high resolution, (28.50 - 90.00 meter horizontal resolution) to support resource assessment, land-cover mapping, and to track inter-annual changes in the environment.
Applications of LANDSAT data are quite diverse, comprising Earth Science, commercial applications, mining applications, government and military use. A few examples include mapping land-cover change (forest change, urbanization, etc), monitoring agricultural productivity, monitoring wetland health, mapping geologic resources, and targeting habitats for vector-borne disease eradication. LANDSAT is a cornerstone of NASA's Earth Observing System, providing moderate-resolution to high-resolution images.
Sensors
 |
Multi-spectral Scanner (LANDSAT MSS)
The MSS was a cross-track, (whiskbroom), scanner that acquired imagery in four channels (2 visible, 2 near-infrared) at 79.00-meter resolution. The MSS was included on Landsat-1 through Landsat-5.
|
|
|
Thematic MAPPER (LANDSAT TM)
The TM was flown on Landsat-4 and Landsat-5. The TM is a cross-track scanner providing seven multi-spectral channels, (3 visible, 1 near-infrared, 2 mid-infrared, 1 thermal-infrared), at 30.00-meter resolution (120.00-meter resolution for the thermal-infrared band).
|
|
|
Enhanced Thematic MAPPER Plus (LANDSAT ETM+)
The ETM+ instrument currently flying on Landsat-7 is similar to the earlier TM, but adds an extra 14.25-meter resolution panchromatic band, and improved resolution for the thermal-infrared band (57.00-meters).
|
LANDSAT Technical Guide
Overview
LANDSAT imagery is relatively high-resolution earth observation data that is acquired through sensors on one of the NASA LANDSAT satellites. The satellite sensors acquire high integrity images of the planet surface in a systematic fashion. Users can take this imagery and use it to determine the health and type of vegetation, amount of built surfaces, success of agriculture, or apply it for a myriad other uses like various geological derived applications as well as various mineral exploration activities.
Table 1
Orbit and Acquisition Characteristics
| Satellite |
Sensor |
Swath (km) |
Scene Size (km) |
Altitude (km) |
Revisit (days) |
| LANDSAT 1-5 |
MSS |
180 |
180 x 170 |
917 |
18 |
| LANDSAT 4-5 |
TM |
185 |
170 x 183 |
705 |
18 |
| LANDSAT 7 |
ETM+ |
185 |
170 x 183 |
705 |
16 |
Table 2
Spectral Resolutions & Spatial Resolutions
| Satellite |
Spectral Resolution (µ) |
Band |
Spatial Resolution |
| LANDSAT 1-3 |
MSS |
|
(Meters) |
| |
Band 4: 0.50 - 0.60 |
Green |
79.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 5: 0.60 - 0.70 |
Red |
79.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 6: 0.70 - 0.80 |
Near IR |
79.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 7: 0.80 - 1.10 |
Near IR |
79.00 Meter Resolution |
| LANDSAT 4-5 |
MSS |
|
|
| |
Band 4: 0.50 - 0.60 |
Green |
82.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 5: 0.60 - 0.70 |
Red |
82.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 6: 0.70 - 0.80 |
Near IR |
82.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 7: 0.80 - 1.10 |
Near IR |
82.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
TM |
|
|
| |
Band 1: 0.45 - 0.52 |
Blue |
30.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 2: 0.52 - 0.60 |
Green |
30.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 3: 0.63 - 0.69 |
Red |
30.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 4: 0.76 - 0.90 |
Near IR |
30.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 5: 1.55 - 1.75 |
Mid IR |
30.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 6: 10.4 - 12.5 |
Thermal |
120.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 7: 2.08 - 2.35 |
Mid IR |
30.00 Meter Resolution |
| LANDSAT 7 |
ETM+ |
|
|
| |
Band 1: 0.450 - 0.515 |
Blue |
28.50 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 2: 0.525 - 0.605 |
Green |
28.50 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 3: 0.630 - 0.690 |
Red |
28.50 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 4: 0.760 - 0.900 |
Near IR |
28.50 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 5: 1.550 - 1.750 |
Mid IR |
28.50 Meter Resolution |
| * |
Band 6: 10.40 - 12.5 |
Thermal |
57.00 Meter Resolution |
| |
Band 7: 2.080 - 2.35 |
Far IR |
28.50 Meter Resolution |
| |
Panchromatic |
|
|
| |
Band 8: 0.52 - 0.92 |
Pan |
14.25 Meter Resolution |
* Note: Band 6 on LANDSAT 7 is divided into two bands, high and low gain.
Imagery from the LANDSAT satellites has been acquired since 1972, with a variety of characteristics to consider. There have been six operational LANDSAT satellites, with three different useful sensors, all of which are available from Geoscientific Trust. The MSS sensor provides the oldest and lowest quality LANDSAT data and images are available from 1972. The TM sensor has improved quality and images are available from 1984. The ETM+ sensor on the LANDSAT 7 satellite remains the best quality of all the sensors.
Radiometric Characteristics
LANDSAT imagery is acquired in a very precise manner, to better emphasize particular land cover aspects. Some of the parameters of this precision involve a scene's radiometry, providing distinct characteristics to components of the image scene. These measures help determine what the images are good for, from a science perspective. For example, Bands 1, 2 and 3 are used together to approximate how the real world appears. Bands 4, 5 or 7 from ETM+ are used in combination with 1, 2 or 3 to demonstrate vegetation conditions.
Data Format Properties
LANDSAT imagery is provided to the user by Geoscientific in a specific series of formats, all of which are designed for maximum coverage of users who have access to basic graphical software, (please note that we supply two basic software packages to all new clients on a 'no cost basis' when LANDSAT satellite images are ordered from Geoscientific).
Each LANDSAT scene is available with bands as separate files, (.tiff format - split layers / files - BSQ Band Sequential Format). A Geo-TIFF file can be used as a TIFF file in any graphical software, or if the client has spatial software the images will be supplied as either. Tiff or .IMG file extensions.
The geo-reference formats employed by Geoscientific for LANDSAT imagery include a UTM projection and a WGS84 datum and ellipsoid. In addition to this geo-referenced information, all LANDSAT image files acquired from Geoscientific will have been processed using a re-sampling technique, namely 'Cubic Convolution' that greatly enhances the visibility of many ground features.
GEOSCIENTIFIC SINGLE IMAGES AND COUNTRY DATABASES SUPPLY METHOD
EACH LANDSAT 7 ETM+ IMAGE IN THE DATABASE WILL BE SUPPLIED IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT
|
|
8 x Individual Bands - Band 1, Band 2, Band 3, Band 4, Band 5, Band 6-High Gain, Band 6-Low Gain, Band 7 and Band 8;
|
|
|
1 x Multispectral Image - (Image Produced Using Band 1, Band 2, Band 3, Band 4, Band 5, Band 6-High Gain and Band 7 - 28m Resolution);
|
|
|
1 x Band 8 Image, (Image Produced Using band 8 - 14m Resolution).
|
COUNTRY DATABASES
(Country / Quantity of Images required for full coverage the Country / Price in US Dollars for the full Data Set)
|
|
Afghanistan, (45 Images), $ 5895.00;
|
|
|
Alaska, (195 Images), $ 25545.00;
|
|
|
Algeria, (124 Images), $ 16244.00;
|
|
|
Angola, (63 Images), $ 8253.00;
|
|
|
Armenia, (7 Images), $ 917.00;
|
|
|
Australia, (370 Images), $ 48470.00;
|
|
|
Azerbaijan, (12 Images), $ 1572.00;
|
|
|
Belize, (3 Images), $ 393.00;
|
|
|
Benin, (13 Images), $ 1703.00;
|
|
|
Botswana, (39 Images), $ 5109.00;
|
|
|
Brazil, (379 Images), $ 49649.00;
|
|
|
Bhutan, (4 Images), $ 524.00;
|
|
|
Bolivia, (61 Images), $ 7991.00;
|
|
|
Burkina Faso, (19 Images), $ 2489.00;
|
|
|
Burma, (44 Images), $ 5764.00;
|
|
|
Burundi, (4 Images), $ 524.00;
|
|
|
Cameroon, (35 Images), $ 4585.00;
|
|
|
Cambodia, (15 Images), $ 1965.00;
|
|
|
Canada, (529 Images), $ 69299.00;
|
|
|
Central African Republic, (39 Images), $ 5109.00;
|
|
|
Chad, (68 Images), $ 8908.00;
|
|
|
Chile, (85 Images), $ 11135.00;
|
|
|
China, (478 Images), $ 62618.00;
|
|
|
Colombia, (63 Images), $ 8253.00;
|
|
|
Congo, (22 Images), $ 2882.00;
|
|
|
Costa Rica, (7 Images), $ 917.00;
|
|
|
Cuba, (16 Images), $ 2096.00;
|
|
|
Democratic Republic of Congo, (114 Images), $ 14934.00;
|
|
|
Djibouti, (3 Images), $ 393.00;
|
|
|
Dominican Republic and Haiti, (9 Images), $ 1179.00;
|
|
|
Ecuador, (17 Images), $ 2227.00;
|
|
|
Egypt, (62 Images), $ 8122.00;
|
|
|
El Salvador, (4 Images), $ 524.00;
|
|
|
Eritrea, (14 Images), $ 1834.00;
|
|
|
Ethiopia, (59 Images), $ 7729.00;
|
|
|
Equatorial Guinea, (4 Images), $ 524.00;
|
|
|
Finland, (48 Images), $ 6288.00;
|
|
|
French Guiana, (8 Images), $ 1048.00;
|
|
|
Gabon, (19 Images), $ 2489.00;
|
|
|
Gambia, (5 Images), $ 655.00;
|
|
|
Georgia, (9 Images), $ 1179.00;
|
|
|
Ghana, (17 Images), $ 2227.00;
|
|
|
Guatemala, (10 Images), $ 1310.00;
|
|
|
Guinea, (21 Images), $ 2751.00;
|
|
|
Guinea-Bissau, (7 Images), $ 917.00;
|
|
|
Guyana, (17 Images), $ 2227.00;
|
|
|
Honduras, (12 Images), $ 1572.00;
|
|
|
India, (168 Images), $ 22008.00;
|
|
|
Indonesia, (187 Images), $ 24497.00;
|
|
|
Iran, (104 Images), $ 13624.00;
|
|
|
Iraq, (31 Images), $ 4061.00;
|
|
|
Ivory Coast, (24 Images), $ 3144.00;
|
|
|
Jamaica, (4 Images), $ 524.00;
|
|
|
Jordan, (11 Images), $ 1441.00;
|
|
|
Kazakhstan, (196 Images), $ 25676.00;
|
|
|
Kenya, (33 Images), $ 4323.00;
|
|
|
Kuwait, (4 Images), $ 524.00;
|
|
|
Kyrgyzstan, (22 Images), $ 2882.00;
|
|
|
Laos, (19 Images), $ 2489.00;
|
|
|
Lesotho, (4 Images), $ 524.00;
|
|
|
Liberia, (10 Images), $ 1310.00;
|
|
|
Madagascar, (35 Images), $ 4585.00;
|
|
|
Malawi, (12 Images), $ 1572.00;
|
|
|
Malaysia, (12 Images), $ 1572.00;
|
|
|
Mali, (73 Images), $ 9563.00;
|
|
|
Mauritania, (63 Images), $ 8253.00;
|
|
|
Mexico, (124 Images), $ 16244.00;
|
|
|
Mongolia, (111 Images), $ 14541.00;
|
|
|
Morocco, (31 Images), $ 4061.00;
|
|
|
Mozambique, (47 Images), $ 6157.00;
|
|
|
Namibia, (51 Images), $ 6681.00;
|
|
|
Nepal, (13 Images), $ 1703.00;
|
|
|
Niger, (64 Images), $ 8384.00;
|
|
|
Nigeria, (45 Images), $ 5895.00;
|
|
|
Nicaragua, (11 Images), $ 1441.00;
|
|
|
Oman, (21 Images), $ 2751.00;
|
|
|
Pakistan, (64 Images), $ 8384.00;
|
|
|
Panama, (11 Images), $ 1441.00;
|
|
|
Papua New Guinea, (35 Images), $ 4585.00;
|
|
|
Paraguay, (26 Images), $ 3406.00;
|
|
|
Peru, (74 Images), $ 9694.00,
|
|
|
Philippines, (43 Images), $ 5633.00,
|
|
|
Portugal, (8 Images), $ 1048.00;
|
|
|
Puerto Rico, (4 Images), $ 524.00;
|
|
|
Qatar, (4 Images), $ 524.00,
|
|
|
Rwanda, (4 Images), $ 524.00;
|
|
|
Saudi Arabia, (84 Images), $ 11004.00;
|
|
|
Senegal, (12 Images), $ 1572.00;
|
|
|
Sierra Leone, (8 Images), $ 1048.00;
|
|
|
South Africa, (79 Images), $ 10349.00;
|
|
|
Somalia, (39 Images), $ 5109.00;
|
|
|
Spain, (40 Images), $ 5240.00;
|
|
|
Sri Lanka, (9 Images), $ 1179.00;
|
|
|
Sudan, (113 Images), $ 14803.00;
|
|
|
Suriname, (10 Images), $ 1310.00;
|
|
|
Swaziland, (2 Images), $ 262.00;
|
|
|
Syria, (16 Images), $ 2096.00;
|
|
|
Tajikistan, (15 Images), $ 1965.00;
|
|
|
Tanzania, (48 Images), $ 6288.00;
|
|
|
Tasmania, (9 Images), $ 1179.00;
|
|
|
Thailand, (42 Images), $ 5502.00;
|
|
|
Togo, (10 Images), $ 1310.00;
|
|
|
Tunisia, (15 Images), $ 1965.00;
|
|
|
Turkey, (58 Images), $ 7598.00;
|
|
|
Turkmenistan, (39 Images), $ 5109.00;
|
|
|
Uganda, (18 Images), $ 2358.00;
|
|
|
United Arab Emirates, (10 Images), $ 1310.00;
|
|
|
Uruguay, (14 Images), $ 1834.00;
|
|
|
Uzbekistan, (38 Images), $ 4978.00;
|
|
|
Venezuela, (54 Images), $ 7074.00;
|
|
|
Vietnam, (31 Images), $ 4061.00;
|
|
|
Western Sahara, (19 Images), $ 2489.00;
|
|
|
Yemen, (29 Images), $ 3799.00;
|
|
|
Zambia, (42 Images), $ 5502.00;
|
|
|
Zimbabwe, (24 Images), $ 3144.00.
|
COUNTRIES NOT FEATURED IN THE LIST ABOVE
If you require a Country Data Base and your Country of interest is not listed above then please let us know and we will provide you with a custom quotation detailing the Quantity of Images required for full coverage the Country of interest as well as a Price in US Dollars for the full Data Set.
POINTS TO TAKE NOTE OF
|
|
All our LANDSAT 7 ETM+ Satellite Images are already Georeferenced as well as Orthorectified.
|
|
|
LANDSAT 7 ETM+ Satellite Images are collected in fixed WRS-2 Paths / Rows. These WRS-2 Paths / Rows have there own unique Path / Row Numbers.
|
|
|
SRTM 90m Elevation Data as well as GDRE 30m Elevation Data is supplied free of charge with all LANDSAT Images purchased from us and as with the LANDSAT 7 ETM+ Satellite Images fixed WRS-2 Paths / Rows; the SRTM 90m Elevation Data as well as GDRE 30m Elevation Data is supplied in the same way to make up a 'Matched Set'.
|
|
|
Country Databases where Image quantities are above TEN Images will be supplied on Western Digital External Harddrive. The size of the Harddrive, (GB Capacity), supplied will be based on the quantity of images purchased).
|
|
|
Country Databases where Image quantities are below TEN Images will be supplied on DVD.
|
|
|
If you require coverage for more than one Country; each Country Database purchased will be supplied on its own Western Digital Harddrive.
|
|
|
Each Country Database is supplied with a 'Geological Programs Pack' which includes, (at no extra cost), various programs such as ERDAS Viewfinder 2.1, etc.
|
|
|
For each batch of One Hundred LANDSAT 7 ETM+ Images Purchased from us in this promotion we supply the program ESRI ArGis 9 - ArcMap Version 9.1 with all manuals as well as USB Security Key, etc. Free of Charge.
|
|
|
Full back up service is provided with all satellite images ordered from us.
|
|
|
All our images are clearly marked and numbered ensuring no unnecessary time delays during use.
|
|
|
All prices are reflected in US Dollars.
|
|
